Angela: I am sad for you all about Buddy. I have had houseguests for the last few weeks and have only been able to check here erratically, but I've seen what you've gone through and my heart goes out to you all. I agree with Jac, that doodles are extremely resourceful and I imagine that Buddy will find a place.
I have just a couple of things to add to the comments of others here. I had an Old English Sheepdog, Bailey, who was not neutered for the same reason you mentioned about Cody. My husband (at the time) just couldn't handle the thought. The good news is that he never seemed to develop the marking or humping traits that you are concerned with. But then, he was never out and about, so he had no "experience," so to speak... So I never saw any negative effects on his behavior from being intact. HOWEVER, when he was seven years old he did develop an inflammation in a testicle and he was neutered at that time. Blessedly, it turned out not to be cancer, but I'm quite sure that the surgery was much harder on Bailey at that time, than it would have been when he was a puppy. George (one of our 10mo old doodles.) is neutered.
I also live in the country and we have no means of putting up a fence. But we live in an area where people raise sheep and chickens and dogs may be shot if found on someone else's property. We have had great luck with our underground electric fence, though. It has saved us tons of worry and the doodles have an enormous area that they can roam in, but no farther. The "shock" aspect of the fence is not pleasant to contemplate, so I tried it on myself before I let it touch my doods. It's extremely annoying and oddly repelling, but I would not say that it's painful. But everyone has to make their own informed decision about it. I just wanted to share wlth you what a godsend it has proven for us. It was easy to install, easy to train the doods to and relatively inexpensive (compared to a fence).
Once again, you have my sympathies about the heart rending experience you went through with Buddy. Blessings to you all.